Friday, September 7, 2012
VMware Technical Questions and Answers and Interview FAQ -Part2
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11.What
is virtualization ?
Virtualization
is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something,
such as an operating system, a server, a storage device or
network resources.
What
are the types of virtualization?
12.What
are the inherent benefits of virtualization ? primarily
cost savings
allows
multiple operating systems to be installed on a single server reducing the
amount of hardware
Consolidating
servers
also
potentially reduces the amount of physical space that a company needs for its
servers or data center.
13.What
is a Hypervisor?
A
hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager, is a program that allows
multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating
system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other
resources all to itself. However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the
host processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each operating
system in turn and making sure that the guest operating systems (called virtual
mahines) cannot disrupt each other.
14.What
is ESX Server?
ESX
Server is VMware’s flagship enterprise server virtualization
platform. It comes in two versions – ESX Server and ESXi Server where the
latter has no service console and is the thinnest version available. ESX Server
has many optional features like VMotion and VMHA (both discussed below) and
some built-in features like the VMFS file system. Most end users purchase
VMware ESX Server with some set of optional features in a package called VMware
Infrastructure. ESX Server is managed by the VMware Infrastructure Client. Its
centralized management platform is called Virtual Center.
15.What
is Hyper-V?
Hyper-V is
Microsoft’s flagship enterprise server virtualization platform. Hyper-V is a
feature of Windows Server 2008 and it is required to be run on system with a
64-bit CPU. Its Hypervisor is about 100k, the Hyper-V role is about 100Mb, and
Windows Server 2008, fully installed is multiple GB. The centralized management
platform for Hyper-V is System Center Virtual Machine Manager.
16.Difference
between ESX and GSX?
With
VMware Workstation and GSX Server, the software sits on top of a host operating
system such as Windows or Linux. With ESX Server, the software runs directly on
the system's hardware, eliminating the need to install a base OS. In fact, ESX
has its own OS. The software basically runs on its own Linux kernel, and Linux
is quite beneficial to know when working with the product, although it's not an
absolute necessity.
17.What is the
hardware version currently in ESX4?
Version 7
18.What
is VMware Workstation?
VMware
Workstation uses virtual machine technology that is designed mostly
for the power user. It allows you to run multiple operating systems on a single
PC. The operating systems that can run under a VMware virtual machine can
include Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003 Server, Novell Netware, and
Linux.
19.
What are the fileExtensions? Extension
.log <vmname>.log
or vmware.log
This
is the file that keeps a log of key VMware Workstation activity. This file can
be useful in troubleshooting if you encounter problems. This file is stored in
the directory that holds the configuration (.vmx) file of the virtual machine.
.nvram <vmname>.nvram
or nvram
This
is the file that stores the state of the virtual machine's BIOS.
.vmdk <vmname>.vmdk
This
is a virtual disk file, which stores the contents of the virtual machine's hard
disk drive.
A
virtual disk is made up of one or more .vmdk files. If you have specified that
the virtual disk should be split into 2GB chunks, the number of .vmdk files
depends on the size of the virtual disk. As data is added to a virtual disk,
the .vmdk files grow in size, to a maximum of 2GB each. (If you specify that
all space should be allocated when you create the disk, these files start at
the maximum size and do not grow.) Almost all of a
.vmdk
file's content is the virtual machine's data, with a small portion allotted to
virtual machine overhead. If the virtual machine is connected directly to a
physical disk, rather than to a virtual disk, the .vmdk file stores information
about the partitions the virtual machine is allowed to access.
Earlier
VMware products used the extension .dsk for virtual disk files.
<diskname>-<###>.vmdk
This
is a redo-log file, created automatically when a virtual machine has one or
more snapshots. This file stores changes made to a virtual disk while the
virtual machine is running. There may be more than one such file. The ###
indicates a unique suffix added automatically by VMware Workstation to avoid
duplicate file names.
.vmsd <vmname>.vmsd
This
is a centralized file for storing information and metadata about snapshots.
.vmsn <vmname>-Snapshot.vmsn
This
is the snapshot state file, which stores the running state of a virtual machine
at the time you take that snapshot
<vmname>-Snapshot<###>.vmsn
This
is the file which stores the state of a snapshot
.vmss <vmname>.vmss
This
is the suspended state file, which stores the state of a suspended virtual
machine
.Some
earlier VMware products used the extension .std for suspended state files
.vmtm <vmname>.vmtm
This
is the configuration file containing team data.
.vmx <vmname>.vmx
This
is the primary configuration file, which stores settings chosen in the New
Virtual Machine Wizard or virtual machine settings editor. If you created the
virtual machine under an earlier version of VMware Workstation on a Linux host,
this file may have a .cfg extension
.vmxf <vmname>.vmxf
This
is a supplemental configuration file for virtual machines that are in a team.
Note that the .vmxf file remains if a virtual machine is removed from the team.
.VMDK
--
These files are the actual hard disk of the virtual machine itself, and tend to
be the largest file within the folder. You can consider the size of this
file to be roughly equivalent to the size of either the disk itself (if you've
chosen to use preallocated disks) or the size of the data currently stored on
that disk (if you use growable disks).
.NVRAM
--
Consider this file the BIOS of the virtual machine.
.VMX --
With typically one VMX file per folder, this file holds the configuration
information for the virtual machine in a text format. Unlike almost all
the other files you'll see, these files can be edited using any text editing
program, a process that is actually required for some functionality that is not
exposed in the GUI.
.VMXF
--
This file, in XML format, includes additional information about the virtual
machine if it has been added to a team. If a machine has been added to a
team and then later removed, this file remains resident. This file can also be
opened and read in a text editor.
.VMTM
--
For virtual machines actively participating in a team, this file stores
information about that team membership.
.VMEM
--
These files, which contain a backup of the VMs paging file, are typically very
small or non-existent when the virtual machine is powered off, but grow
immediately to the size of configured RAM when the machine is powered on.
.VMSN
and
.VMSD -- When snapshots are created for a virtual machine, these files are
created to host the state of the virtual machine. The VMSN file stores
the running state of the machine, what you could consider the "delta"
between the VMDK at the point of the snapshot and what has been processed up
until the present time. The VMSD stores information and metadata about the
snapshot itself.
.VMSS
--
If you've suspected the state of your machine, this file contains the suspended
state of that machine. These files typically only appear when virtual
machines have been suspended.
20.
What are a host, guest, and virtual machine?
A
host system (host operating system) would be the primary & first installed
operating system. If you are using a bare metal Virtualization platform like
Hyper-V or ESX, there really isn’t a host operating system besides the
Hypervisor. If you are using a Type-2 Hypervisor like VMware Server or Virtual
Server, the host operating system is whatever operating system those
applications are installed into.A guest system (guest operating system) is a
virtual guest or virtual machine (VM) that is installed under the host
operating system. The guests are the VMs that you run in your virtualization
platform.Some admins also call the host & guest the parent and child.
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